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Climate of Haryana is predominantly tropical monsoon, characterised via way of means of warm summers, moderate winters, and a wonderful wet season. Summers, from March to June, are extraordinarily warm, with temperatures regularly exceeding 40°C. The monsoon season, from July to September, brings slight rainfall, whilst winters, from November to February, are moderate.
- Climate of Haryana is – Geographical Factors
- Climate of Haryana is – Seasons
- Climate of Haryana is – Temperature Trends
- Climate of Haryana is – Rainfall Pattern
- Climate of Haryana is – Monsoon Impact
- Climate of Haryana is – Drought and Flood Conditions
- Climate of Haryana is – Humidity and Wind Patterns
- Climate of Haryana is – Impact on Agriculture
- Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)
Climate of Haryana is - Geographical Factors
Climate of Haryana is: Geographical Factors
- Location:
Haryana is located withinside the northern plains of India, near the Thar Desert and the Himalayan foothills, which affects its normal weather. - Latitude:
Haryana lies among 27.39°N to 30.35°N, setting it withinside the tropical to subtropical zone, main to warm summers and slight winters. - Altitude:
Most of Haryana is a flat plain, with elevations starting from 2 hundred to 1200 meters above sea level. Lower altitudes make a contribution to better temperatures, specifically withinside the summer time season. - Proximity to the Thar Desert:
The state`s western and southern elements are prompted via way of means of the close by Thar Desert, inflicting dry winds and severe warmth for the duration of summers. - Himalayan Influence:
In winter, bloodless winds from the Himalayas decrease temperatures throughout Haryana, specifically for the duration of December and January, main to cold nights. - Monsoon Winds:
Haryana’s weather is strongly stricken by the southwest monsoon winds, which carry maximum of the once a year rainfall among July and September. - Rainfall Distribution:
Rainfall varies throughout the state, with the northeastern regions receiving extra because of proximity to the Himalayas, whilst the southwestern areas are drier because of barren region affects. - Soil Type:
Sandy and loamy soils, not unusualplace in Haryana, maintain much less moisture, main to faster evaporation and warmer floor temperatures for the duration of summer time season months. - Wind Patterns:
During summer time season, warm and dry westerly winds (loo) blow throughout Haryana, growing the general warmth. In winter, cool northwesterly winds impact the state`s weather. - Urbanization:
Increasing urbanization and industrialization have brought about localized weather changes, which include better temperatures in city facilities like Gurgaon and Faridabad because of the warmth island effect.
Climate of Haryana is - Seasons
Climate of Haryana is : Seasonal Variations
1. Summer Season (March to June):
- Summers in Haryana are extraordinarily warm and dry, with temperatures ranging among 30°C and 45°C. The height summer time season months of May and June frequently enjoy sizzling warmness waves (loo), making it one of the freshest intervals of the year.
2. Monsoon Season (July to September):
- The southwest monsoon brings comfort from the summer time season warmness. Rainfall in the course of this era is slight, with an annual common among four hundred mm to six hundred mm, aleven though it varies throughout areas. The northeastern elements get hold of extra rainfall than the southwestern areas.
3. Post-Monsoon Season (October to November):
- This transitional duration among monsoon and wintry weather is marked through a slow decline in temperature. The climate is high-quality with clean skies and moderate winds. It`s additionally the harvest season for the kharif vegetation in Haryana.
4. Winter Season (December to February):
- Winters are moderate and dry, with temperatures starting from 5°C to 20°C. The coldest months are December and January, whilst midnight temperatures can drop considerably because of bloodless winds from the Himalayas. Frost on occasion takes place in northern areas.
5. Pre-Monsoon Period (March to June):
- This duration sees a slow boom in temperatures because the area transitions from wintry weather to summer time season. Dust storms are common, specifically in May and June, as warm winds sweep throughout the plains.
6. Rainfall Pattern:
- The majority of Haryana`s rainfall takes place in the course of the monsoon season. However, the distribution is uneven, with the Shivalik foothills withinside the northeast receiving extra rain than the southern arid areas bordering Rajasthan.
7. Temperature Variations:
- Summer temperatures frequently exceed 40°C in lots of elements of the state, at the same time as winters can drop to round 5°C, specifically in rural and northerly areas. Haryana reviews one of the widest temperature tiers among seasons.
8. Humidity Levels:
- Humidity is typically low withinside the summer time season however will increase considerably in the course of the monsoon season, attaining as much as 70-80% in a few areas. During wintry weather, the air stays dry with decrease humidity.
9. Fog and Frost:
- Winter months, specifically in December and January, are characterised through dense fog, which impacts visibility, in particular withinside the northern districts. Frost is likewise visible on occasion in those areas, impacting agriculture.
10. Spring Season (February to March):
- Although now no longer a wonderful season in Haryana, the early a part of March witnesses spring-like situations with blooming flowers, slight temperatures, and clean skies, making it one of the maximum high-quality instances of the year.
Climate of Haryana is - Temperature Trends
Climate of Haryana is: Temperature Trends
1. Extreme Summer Temperatures:
- Haryana reviews extreme summer time season warmness, with most temperatures starting from 40°C to 45°C throughout May and June. Cities like Hisar, Gurgaon, and Rohtak regularly report a number of the very best temperatures in northern India throughout this period.
2. Heatwaves (Loo Winds):
- Heatwaves, regionally recognised as “loo,” are not unusualplace throughout the summer time season months, mainly in western and southern components of Haryana. These hot, dry winds enhance temperatures above 45°C, making situations harsh, mainly in districts close to the Thar Desert.
3. Gradual Rise in Spring (March to April):
- As wintry weather transitions into summer time season, temperatures steadily upward push in March and April. Daytime highs attain round 30°C to 35°C, marking the start of hotter situations throughout the state.
4. Monsoon Cooling Effect:
- With the advent of the southwest monsoon in July, temperatures drop, bringing comfort from the summer time season warmness. Average sunlight hours temperatures throughout the monsoon variety from 30°C to 35°C, whilst humidity tiers boom significantly.
5. Temperature Variations Across Regions:
- The northern and northeastern regions, in the direction of the Shivalik hills, generally tend to have barely decrease temperatures throughout summer time season in comparison to the southwestern components, which revel in better warmness because of their proximity to the desert.
6. Mild Winter Temperatures:
- Winters in Haryana are quite mild, with common sunlight hours temperatures among 15°C and 20°C. However, nights can get bloodless, mainly in rural areas, in which temperatures regularly drop to 5°C or decrease in December and January.
7. Frost and Cold Waves:
- During top wintry weather (December to January), bloodless waves from the Himalayas can purpose middle of the night temperatures to drop to round 2°C or decrease in northern districts. Frost is not unusualplace throughout those bloodless spells, mainly in agricultural areas.
8. Temperature Decline in Post-Monsoon (October to November):
- After the monsoon ends, temperatures start to fall, mainly at night. Daytime highs stay comfortable, starting from 25°C to 30°C, whilst nights turn out to be cooler, marking the onset of wintry weather.
9. Wide Diurnal Range:
- Haryana reviews a large diurnal temperature variety, mainly throughout transitional seasons (spring and autumn). Summer and wintry weather can see temperature variations of as much as 15°C to 20°C among day and night.
10. Impact of Climate Change:
- Over the beyond few decades, temperature traits in Haryana have proven symptoms and symptoms of warming. Summers have turn out to be warmer with extra common heatwaves, whilst winters are getting milder, with fewer extraordinarily bloodless days, probably because of international weather change.
Climate of Haryana is - Rainfall Pattern
Climate of Haryana is: Rainfall Pattern
1. Monsoon Dominated Rainfall:
- Haryana gets the bulk of its rainfall at some point of the southwest monsoon, which lasts from July to September. About 80% of the once a year precipitation takes place at some point of those months, motivated via way of means of monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean.
2. Annual Average Rainfall:
- The state`s common annual rainfall levels from four hundred mm to six hundred mm, however this varies extensively throughout exceptional areas because of geographical elements and proximity to the Himalayas.
3. Uneven Distribution:
- Rainfall distribution in Haryana is uneven, with the northeastern districts like Ambala, Panchkula, and Yamunanagar receiving extra rain (as much as a thousand mm annually) because of their proximity to the Shivalik Hills, whilst southwestern regions like Mahendragarh and Bhiwani are plenty drier, frequently receiving much less than three hundred mm annually.
4. Pre-Monsoon Showers:
- Pre-monsoon showers, even though now no longer very common, might also additionally arise in Haryana at some point of May and June because of localized climate conditions. These rains are generally mild and assist deliver brief comfort from the intense summer time season heat.
5. Post-Monsoon Rainfall (Retreating Monsoon):
- Haryana gets a small quantity of rainfall at some point of the chickening out monsoon in October and November. This rain is commonly mild and takes place because the monsoon winds retreat southward.
6. Winter Rainfall (Western Disturbances):
- During the iciness months (December to February), Haryana studies occasional mild to slight rainfall because of western disturbances, in particular in northern areas. This rainfall is useful for the rabi plants however does now no longer extensively effect the once a year rainfall total.
7. Drought-Prone Areas:
- The southwestern elements of Haryana, which include districts like Hisar and Sirsa, are vulnerable to droughts because of low and erratic rainfall. These areas frequently enjoy prolonged dry spells, mainly at some point of susceptible monsoon seasons.
8. Floods in Northern Districts:
- The northeastern regions, which include Ambala and Yamunanagar, now and again enjoy flooding at some point of heavy monsoon rains, as those areas acquire better rainfall and are in the direction of river structures that overflow at some point of excessive downpours.
9. Irrigation Dependence:
- Due to the variety and insufficiency of rainfall in maximum elements of Haryana, agriculture closely is predicated on irrigation structures, which include canals and tube wells, in particular withinside the crucial and southwestern districts.
10. Impact of Climate Change:
- In current years, Haryana has visible adjustments in its rainfall pattern, with extended variability, unpredictable monsoons, and extra common droughts and floods. These adjustments are attributed to worldwide weather shifts, that have induced each extra rain and extended dry spells in exceptional elements of the state.
Climate of Haryana is - Monsoon Impact
Climate of Haryana is: Monsoon Impact
1. Main Source of Rainfall:
- The southwest monsoon, arriving in July and lasting till September, is the number one supply of rainfall in Haryana. Around 80% of the country`s annual precipitation is acquired at some point of those months, critical for agriculture and water replenishment.
2. Agriculture Dependency:
- Haryana`s agriculture, particularly kharif vegetation like rice, cotton, and millet, is closely depending on monsoon rainfall. A right monsoon season boosts crop yields, at the same time as a vulnerable or not on time monsoon can cause drought situations and crop failure.
3. Regional Variation in Rainfall:
- The effect of the monsoon varies notably throughout the country. The northeastern districts, which include Ambala and Panchkula, acquire heavier monsoon rains (as much as a thousand mm), while the southwestern districts like Hisar and Sirsa acquire tons less, once in a while beneath three hundred mm.
4. Water Logging and Flooding:
- In the northern components of Haryana, heavy monsoon rains can cause waterlogging and flash floods, particularly in low-mendacity regions and areas with negative drainage systems. This affects infrastructure and agriculture negatively at some point of durations of immoderate rainfall.
5. Monsoon Delay and Drought Risk:
- Any put off in the appearance of the monsoon or a vulnerable monsoon season can bring about intense droughts, mainly in arid areas of the country like Bhiwani and Mahendragarh. This disrupts the rural cycle and decreases water availability for irrigation.
6. Impact on Groundwater Levels:
- The monsoon enables recharge groundwater stages, particularly in relevant Haryana, wherein great irrigation is practiced. A right monsoon enables fill up aquifers, at the same time as negative rains bring about over-extraction of groundwater, main to depletion.
7. Soil Erosion and Crop Damage:
- Intense monsoon rains in northern and hilly areas can reason soil erosion, unfavorable fertile agricultural land. Sudden heavy rains also can break status vegetation or put off harvests, impacting standard productivity.
8. Post-Monsoon Agricultural Preparation:
- A right monsoon season units the level for the sowing of rabi (winter) vegetation which include wheat and barley. Monsoon rains make certain that enough moisture is retained withinside the soil, that is crucial for a success rabi harvests withinside the coming winter.
9. Temperature Regulation:
- The arrival of the monsoon brings a widespread drop in temperatures throughout Haryana, imparting comfort from the sizzling summer time season heat. Daytime temperatures usually fall to among 30°C and 35°C, even though humidity stages rise.
10. Water Supply and Reservoirs:
- Haryana`s reservoirs, ponds, and canals are replenished at some point of the monsoon. The country`s irrigation systems, which include the Yamuna Canal, enjoy the rain-fed rivers, which give a critical water supply for irrigation and consuming at some point of the dry seasons.
Climate of Haryana is - Drought and Flood Conditions
Aspect | Drought Conditions | Flood Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Affected Regions | Southwestern districts like Hisar, Bhiwani, and Mahendragarh | Northern and northeastern districts like Ambala, Yamunanagar |
| 2. Rainfall Deficiency | Occurs due to weak or delayed monsoons, with rainfall below 300 mm | Occurs due to heavy monsoon rains exceeding 1000 mm |
| 3. Frequency | More frequent in arid and semi-arid regions | Less frequent but can happen during intense monsoon seasons |
| 4. Impact on Agriculture | Severely affects kharif crops like cotton and millet | Damages crops like rice and leads to waterlogging in fields |
| 5. Water Scarcity | Groundwater depletion and reduced water availability for irrigation | Excess water causes flooding in low-lying areas and fields |
| 6. Irrigation Dependency | Increased reliance on canal and tube well irrigation during drought | Irrigation infrastructure can be damaged by floodwaters |
| 7. Economic Impact | Crop failures lead to financial losses for farmers | Flooding disrupts transportation, markets, and rural economies |
| 8. Soil and Land Degradation | Leads to soil degradation due to over-extraction of water | Causes soil erosion and degradation in northern hilly regions |
| 9. Humanitarian Impact | Can lead to water shortages and migration in rural areas | Displacement of communities, especially in flood-prone regions |
| 10. Government Interventions | Drought relief measures like crop insurance and water conservation | Flood control measures, including embankments and drainage systems |
Climate of Haryana is - Humidity and Wind Patterns
Aspect | Humidity | Wind Patterns |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Seasonal Variation | High during monsoon (70-90%) and low during summer (20-30%) | Hot, dry winds (loo) in summer; cool winds in winter |
| 2. Monsoon Impact | Humidity levels rise significantly with the onset of monsoon | Winds from the southwest bring moisture during the monsoon |
| 3. Summer Conditions | Extremely low humidity during peak summer months | Hot, gusty winds (loo) blow across the plains, raising temperatures |
| 4. Winter Conditions | Moderate humidity (50-60%) during winter | Cold winds from the Himalayas bring cooler air in winter |
| 5. Coastal Influence | No direct coastal influence, leading to dry air most of the year | Winds are continental, lacking moisture from nearby seas |
| 6. Effect on Agriculture | High humidity during monsoon aids crop growth | Dry summer winds can cause crop damage and water evaporation |
| 7. Air Quality | Low humidity can worsen air quality, particularly in urban areas | Dust storms and haze during summer reduce air quality |
| 8. Impact on Temperature | High humidity in monsoon makes the weather feel hotter | Winds in summer raise daytime temperatures significantly |
| 9. Dust Storms | Low humidity and strong winds during summer lead to dust storms | Dust storms are frequent in summer, especially in western Haryana |
| 10. Wind Speed | Calm during high humidity, with gentle breezes in monsoon | Wind speeds increase in summer, up to 30-40 km/h during dust storms |
Climate of Haryana is - Impact on Agriculture
Aspect | Impact of Climate on Agriculture |
|---|---|
| 1. Monsoon Dependency | Kharif crops like rice, cotton, and millet depend heavily on monsoon rains for growth. A weak or delayed monsoon can lead to crop failure and lower yields. |
| 2. Drought Conditions | In southwestern regions prone to drought, such as Hisar and Bhiwani, reduced rainfall causes water scarcity, affecting the growth of both kharif and rabi crops. |
| 3. Flood Risk | Northern districts like Ambala and Yamunanagar face flood risks during heavy monsoons, which can damage standing crops, especially rice, by causing waterlogging. |
| 4. Seasonal Crop Cycles | Summer crops (kharif) are sensitive to the timing and intensity of monsoon rains, while winter crops (rabi), such as wheat and barley, benefit from cooler temperatures and post-monsoon soil moisture. |
| 5. Irrigation Dependence | Due to uneven rainfall, large parts of Haryana’s agriculture are dependent on irrigation systems, including canals and tube wells, especially in central and southern districts. |
| 6. Heat Stress on Crops | Extreme summer temperatures (40°C to 45°C) cause heat stress on crops like wheat, reducing productivity and affecting the quality of the produce. |
| 7. Cold Waves and Frost | During peak winter, cold waves and frost can damage sensitive crops, particularly vegetables and fruits, leading to reduced yields in some areas. |
| 8. Soil Moisture Variability | Monsoon rainfall affects soil moisture levels, critical for the germination and growth of crops. Excessive rain leads to erosion, while insufficient rain depletes soil fertility. |
| 9. Crop Rotation | Haryana’s climate allows for crop rotation, where farmers alternate between kharif and rabi crops. However, climate unpredictability can disrupt these cycles, leading to economic losses. |
| 10. Pest and Disease Outbreaks | Changes in humidity and temperature, especially after erratic monsoons, increase the risk of pest infestations and crop diseases, which can further threaten agricultural productivity. |
Freqently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: What is the climate type of Haryana?
Ans: Haryana has a semi-arid climate characterized by extreme temperatures, distinct seasons, and a monsoon season that provides most of the annual rainfall.
Q2: What are the main seasons in Haryana?
Ans: Haryana experiences four main seasons: summer (April to June), monsoon (July to September), post-monsoon (October to November), and winter (December to February).
Q3: How much rainfall does Haryana receive annually?
Ans: Haryana receives an average annual rainfall ranging from 400 mm to 600 mm, with significant variations between different regions of the state.
Q4: When does the monsoon arrive in Haryana?
Ans: The southwest monsoon typically arrives in Haryana around the first week of July and lasts until September, bringing most of the state’s annual rainfall.
Q5: What are the average temperatures in Haryana?
Ans: Summer temperatures can soar between 40°C to 45°C, while winter temperatures can drop to as low as 3°C to 5°C, particularly in northern districts.
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