How many Articles are there in Indian Constitution
- The Indian Constitution, adopted on January 26, 1950, consists of a total of 470 articles.
- These articles encompass various aspects of governance, encompassing the organization and functioning of the government, fundamental rights and duties of citizens, directive principles of state policy, and more.
- The articles are divided into several parts, with each part focusing on specific themes such as the Union and its territories, citizenship, fundamental rights, and the powers and functions of different government bodies.
- Article 1 declares India as a Union of States, while subsequent articles delineate the powers and responsibilities of the central and state governments.
- Articles 12 to 35 elaborate on the fundamental rights guaranteed to Indian citizens, including the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.
- Articles 36 to 51 lay down the directive principles of state policy, which guide the state in making laws and policies to achieve socio-economic justice and welfare of the people.
- Articles 52 to 151 outline the structure, powers, and functions of the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Parliament, and other key governmental institutions.
- Articles 152 to 237 deal with the administration and governance of states and union territories, including provisions for governors, state legislatures, and the division of powers between the center and states.
- Articles 238 to 243 outline provisions for the administration of scheduled and tribal areas, ensuring protection of their interests and promoting their development.
- The comprehensive nature of the Indian Constitution reflects the aspirations of the founding fathers to create a just, equitable, and democratic society, serving as the guiding document for the governance of the world’s largest democracy.
Key Articles of the Indian Constitution
- Article 1: Declares India as a Union of States and defines its territory.
- Article 12 to 35: Encompass fundamental rights guaranteed to Indian citizens, including the right to equality, freedom, protection against exploitation, freedom of religion, and constitutional remedies.
- Article 36 to 51: Outlines the directive principles of state policy, guiding principles for the state in making laws and policies to achieve socio-economic justice and welfare.
- Article 52 to 151: Deals with the structure, powers, and functions of the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Parliament, and other key governmental institutions.
- Article 162 to 237: Addresses the administration and governance of states and union territories, including provisions for governors, state legislatures, and the division of powers between the center and states.
- Article 238 to 243: Contains provisions for the administration of scheduled and tribal areas, ensuring protection of their interests and promoting their development.
Amendments to the Constitution
The Constitution of India provides for its own amendment to adapt to changing circumstances and needs. The process of amending the Constitution is outlined in Articles 368. Here’s how it works:
- Proposal: An amendment to the Constitution can be proposed by either house of Parliament. The proposal must be passed by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, as well as a majority of the total membership of that house.
- Ratification: After the proposal is passed by one house, it is sent to the other house. If the second house also passes the proposal with a two-thirds majority, it is then presented to the President for assent.
- Presidential Assent: Once the President gives assent to the proposed amendment, it becomes part of the Constitution.
- Special Provisions: Certain amendments require ratification by the state legislatures as well. These include amendments that affect the federal structure of the Constitution, the representation of states in Parliament, or subjects specified in Article 368.
- Judicial Review: While Parliament has the authority to amend the Constitution, the Supreme Court of India has the power of judicial review to ensure that amendments do not violate the basic structure of the Constitution.
- Significance: Amendments to the Constitution allow for the incorporation of new laws, policies, and changes in societal norms, ensuring that the Constitution remains relevant and adaptable to the evolving needs of the nation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the process of amending the Constitution of India is a vital mechanism that allows for the adaptation and evolution of the country’s foundational legal framework to meet the changing needs and circumstances of its diverse population. Through a structured process involving proposal, ratification, and presidential assent, amendments to the Constitution can be made by Parliament to address new laws, policies, and societal norms. However, the process also includes safeguards such as judicial review by the Supreme Court to ensure that amendments do not undermine the fundamental principles and values enshrined in the Constitution. Overall, the ability to amend the Constitution reflects India’s commitment to democratic governance and the rule of law, ensuring that the Constitution remains a dynamic and living document capable of guiding the nation towards progress and prosperity.
FAQs
Q: 1.How many articles are there in the Indian Constitution?
Ans: The Indian Constitution comprises a total of 470 articles.
Q: 2 What do these articles cover?
Ans: These articles cover various aspects of governance, including the organization and functioning of the government, fundamental rights and duties of citizens, directive principles of state policy, and more..
Q:3. How are the articles structured?
Ans:The articles are divided into several parts, each focusing on specific themes such as the Union and its territories, citizenship, fundamental rights, and the powers and functions of different government bodies.
Q: 4.Are there any specific articles of significance?
Ans: Yes, some articles hold particular importance, such as Article 1, which declares India as a Union of States, and Articles 12 to 35, which elaborate on the fundamental rights guaranteed to Indian citizens.
