Coordination Compounds is a essential subject matter in NEET, that specialize in complex ions, ligands, coordination numbers, and geometries. Questions often check information of bonding theories, nomenclature, isomerism, and stability of complexes. Knowing digital configurations and crystal subject theory is crucial, as they assist predict magnetic and spectral residences. NEET questions on this subject matter demand clarity on key principles and alertness competencies, making regular practice with varied query kinds vital for achievement inside the examination.
- Introduction to Coordination Compounds
- Download: Coordination Compounds
- Key Concepts and Terminology: Coordination Compounds
- Important Theories: Coordination Compounds
- Properties of Coordination Compounds
- Applications in Biological and Industrial Fields
- NEET Question Patterns on Coordination Compounds
- Tips and Tricks for Answering Coordination Compounds NEET Questions
- Practice Questions: Coordination Compounds
- FAQs about Coordination Compounds
Introduction to Coordination Compounds
Coordination Compound is a vital subject matter for NEET aspirants, mixing concepts from inorganic chemistry with sensible programs. These compounds contain significant metallic atoms or ions surrounded by means of molecules or ions, forming complex structures. NEET questions about this subject matter verify understanding of coordination chemistry basics, which includes nomenclature, isomerism, hybridization, bonding theories like VBT and CFT, and stability of complexes. Mastering these standards aids in know-how organic systems, medicinal chemistry, and business catalysts, regions wherein coordination compounds play critical roles. Effective coaching involves fixing diverse NEET-fashion questions, improving familiarity with styles, and boosting hassle-fixing competencies. A robust hold close of coordination compounds can extensively enhance performance in the chemistry phase of NEET.
Role in NEET Chemistry Section
Coordination compounds are a significant topic within the NEET Chemistry section. Questions related to this topic can be expected in the following areas:
- Nomenclature: Understanding the rules for naming coordination compounds.
- Isomerism: Recognizing and differentiating between various types of isomers (geometric, optical, etc.).
- Werner’s Theory: Knowing the postulates and applications of Werner’s theory.
- Valence Bond Theory (VBT): Explaining the bonding and structure of coordination compounds using VBT.
- Crystal Field Theory (CFT): Understanding the splitting of d-orbitals in the presence of ligands and its implications on color, magnetism, and stability.
- Color and Magnetism: Predicting the color and magnetic properties of coordination compounds based on their electronic configuration and ligand field strength.
Download: Coordination Compounds
| Title | Download |
|---|---|
| Coordination Compounds NEET Questions with Answer |
Key Concepts and Terminology: Coordination Compounds
| Key Concept/Terminology | Definition/Explanation |
|---|---|
| Coordination Sphere | The central metal atom or ion along with the ligands directly attached to it, enclosed within square brackets. |
| Ligands | Molecules or ions that donate electron pairs to the central metal atom or ion to form coordinate covalent bonds. |
| Types of Ligands | Monodentate: Ligands that donate one lone pair of electrons to the central metal atom. (e.g., NH3, Cl–, H2O) |
| Bidentate: Ligands that donate two lone pairs of electrons from two different donor atoms to the central metal atom. (e.g., en (ethylenediamine), ox (oxalate ion)) | |
| Polydentate: Ligands that donate multiple lone pairs of electrons from different donor atoms to the central metal atom. (e.g., EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)) | |
| Coordination Number | The number of donor atoms directly bonded to the central metal atom. |
| Oxidation State | The charge that the central metal atom would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs donated by them. |
| Isomerism in Coordination Compounds | Geometric Isomerism: Isomers that differ in the spatial arrangement of ligands around the central metal atom. |
| Optical Isomerism: Isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. | |
| Ionization Isomerism: Isomers that differ in the composition of the coordination sphere and the counter ions. | |
| Hydrate Isomerism: Isomers that differ in the number of water molecules present inside and outside the coordination sphere. | |
| Linkage Isomerism: Isomers that differ in the mode of attachment of an ambidentate ligand to the central metal atom. |
Important Theories: Coordination Compounds
Werner’s Theory (1893)
Key Idea: Werner proposed that metal atoms in coordination compounds have two types of valencies:
- Primary Valency: Ionizable, corresponds to the oxidation state, and is satisfied by using negative ions.
- Secondary Valency: Non-ionizable, corresponds to the coordination number, and is satisfied by neutral molecules or negative ions.
Significance: Werner’s theory was revolutionary in explaining the structure and bonding in coordination compounds. It laid the foundation for understanding the concept of coordination number and the arrangement of ligands around a central metal atom.
Valence Bond Theory (VBT) for Coordination Compounds
- Key Idea: VBT explains the formation of coordinate covalent bonds between a metal ion and ligands. It involves the overlap of empty metal orbitals with filled ligand orbitals.
- Hybridization: VBT uses hybridization to explain the observed geometries of coordination complexes. For instance, in octahedral complexes, the metal ion undergoes d²sp³ hybridization.
- Limitations: VBT fails to explain the color and magnetic properties of coordination compounds, as well as the concept of ligand field splitting.
Crystal Field Theory (CFT)
Key Idea: CFT treats ligands as point charges that repel the d-orbitals of the metal ion. This repulsion causes the d-orbitals to split into two sets of different energies:
- t₂g orbitals: Lower in energy
- e_g orbitals: Higher in energy
Ligand Field Splitting: The energy difference between the t₂g and e_g orbitals is called ligand field splitting (Δ₀). The value of Δ₀ determines the color and magnetic properties of coordination compounds.
Applications: CFT successfully explains the color, magnetic properties, and spectra of coordination compounds.
Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT) for Coordination Compounds
- Key Idea: MOT considers the overlap of metal orbitals with ligand orbitals to form molecular orbitals. These molecular orbitals are delocalized over the entire complex.
- Bonding and Antibonding Orbitals: MOT predicts the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. The filling of these orbitals determines the stability and properties of the complex.
- Advantages: MOT provides a more comprehensive and quantitative description of bonding in coordination compounds compared to VBT. It can explain phenomena like metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions.
Key Differences and Relationships:
- Werner’s Theory provides the basic framework for understanding coordination compounds.
- VBT and MOT offer more detailed explanations of the bonding and electronic structure of coordination compounds.
- CFT focuses on the effects of ligand field splitting on the d-orbitals of the metal ion.
Properties of Coordination Compounds
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Color |
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| Magnetic Properties |
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| Stability |
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| Stability Constant (Kf) |
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Applications in Biological and Industrial Fields
Biological Role of Coordination Compounds
- Hemoglobin: A critical coordination compound containing iron, hemoglobin performs a critical function in oxygen shipping in our blood. The iron ion in hemoglobin binds reversibly with oxygen molecules, facilitating their transport from the lungs to the body’s tissues.
- Chlorophyll: This magnesium-containing coordination compound is important for photosynthesis. It absorbs sunlight and converts it into chemical power, starting up the process of food production in plant life.
Industrial Applications of Coordination Compounds
Catalysis:
- Homogeneous Catalysis: Coordination compounds act as catalysts in diverse chemical reactions, together with hydroformylation, hydrogenation, and oxidation. They provide active sites for reactants to interact, speeding up the reaction rate.
- Heterogeneous Catalysis: Metal complexes immobilized on solid supports are used as catalysts in industrial processes like polymerization and cracking. They offer high selectivity and stability, making them efficient catalysts.
Extraction Processes:
- Solvent Extraction: Coordination compounds are employed to selectively extract metals from their ores or solutions. For example, gold is extracted from its ore using cyanide complexes.
- Hydrometallurgy: In this method, metals are recovered from their ores using aqueous solutions of complexing agents. Coordination compounds aid in the dissolution and separation of metals.
NEET Question Patterns on Coordination Compounds
| Type of Question | Topics Covered | Weightage in NEET |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Concepts | Werner’s Theory, IUPAC Nomenclature, Coordination Number, Oxidation State, Ligands, Chelation | Low to Moderate |
| Isomerism | Geometrical Isomerism, Optical Isomerism, Ionization Isomerism, Linkage Isomerism, Coordination Isomerism | Moderate |
| Bonding Theories | Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Crystal Field Theory (CFT) | Moderate to High |
| Magnetic Properties | Spin-Only Magnetic Moment, High Spin and Low Spin Complexes | Moderate |
| Color of Complexes | d-d Transitions, Factors Affecting Color | Low to Moderate |
| Stability of Complexes | Factors Affecting Stability, Chelate Effect | Low |
| Applications | Biological Importance (Hemoglobin, Chlorophyll), Industrial Applications (Catalysis, Extraction) | Low |
Tips and Tricks for Answering Coordination Compounds NEET Questions
Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Ignoring Ligand Strength:
- Not considering the spectrochemical collection at the same time as predicting the color or magnetic houses of complexes.
- Incorrectly assigning the strength of ligands, which could result in wrong conclusions about the splitting of d-orbitals.
- Misunderstanding Isomerism:
- Confusing one of a kind types of isomerism, particularly geometrical and optical isomerism.
- Failing to perceive the presence of chiral centers or planes of symmetry.
- Neglecting the Chelate Effect:
- Underestimating the stableness of chelate complexes as compared to non-chelate complexes.
- Not considering the entropy thing in chelate formation.
- Overlooking Oxidation State and Coordination Number:
- Incorrectly figuring out the oxidation country of the principal steel ion.
- Miscalculating the coordination variety, that can cause errors in predicting geometry and houses.
- Misapplying VBT and CFT:
- Using VBT inappropriately for complexes with better coordination numbers or weak-area ligands.
- Oversimplifying the utility of CFT, specially in cases of Jahn-Teller distortion.
Important Points to Remember:
- Master the Basics:
- Thoroughly recognize standards like coordination wide variety, oxidation kingdom, ligands, and chelation.
- Practice IUPAC nomenclature to name and write formulas of coordination compounds.
- Grasp Isomerism:
- Learn to distinguish among exclusive styles of isomerism and their implications.
- Practice identifying chiral centers and planes of symmetry.
- Understand Bonding Theories:
- Grasp the important thing standards of VBT and CFT.
- Learn the way to apply these theories to expect magnetic homes, shade, and balance of complexes.
- Practice Problem-Solving:
- Solve a variety of issues to enhance your knowledge and trouble-fixing competencies.
- Analyze preceding year’s NEET questions to become aware of commonplace trends and trouble levels.
- Visualize Structures:
- Draw systems of complexes to visualise their geometry and pick out isomers.
- Use 3-d fashions or software to decorate expertise.
- Focus on Applications:
- Understand the biological and commercial packages of coordination compounds.
- Relate theoretical standards to practical programs.
Practice Questions: Coordination Compounds
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Detailed Solutions
| Question | Answer | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| 1. The coordination number of Co in [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ is: | 6 | The coordination number is the number of coordinate bonds formed by the central metal atom or ion. In this complex, Co³⁺ forms six coordinate bonds with six NH₃ ligands. |
| 2. The oxidation state of Fe in [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻ is: | +3 | Let the oxidation state of Fe be x. Then, x + 6(-1) = -3. Solving for x, we get x = +3. |
| 3. Which of the following is a chelating ligand? | Ethylenediamine (en) | A chelating ligand can form two or more coordinate bonds with a central metal atom or ion. Ethylenediamine has two nitrogen atoms, each capable of donating a lone pair of electrons. |
| 4. The hybridization of Fe²⁺ in [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ is: | sp³d² | Fe²⁺ has six d-electrons. In an octahedral complex, the hybridization is sp³d². |
| 5. The color of a complex is due to: | d-d electronic transitions | The absorption of light by a complex causes excitation of electrons from lower energy d-orbitals to higher energy d-orbitals, resulting in the observed color. |
Assertion and Reason Table
| Assertion | Reason | Answer | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion: All octahedral complexes of Co³⁺ are paramagnetic. | Reason: Co³⁺ has three unpaired electrons. | False | While Co³⁺ has three unpaired electrons, the pairing of electrons can occur in strong field ligands, leading to diamagnetic complexes. |
| Assertion: Cis-platin is used as an anticancer drug. | Reason: Cis-platin forms a stable complex with DNA. | True | Cis-platin binds to DNA and inhibits cell division, leading to its use as an anticancer drug. |
FAQs about Coordination Compounds
Q. What are coordination compounds?
Ans: Coordination compounds are complex molecules fashioned by using the coordination of metal ions with ligands, which are ions or molecules that donate electron pairs to the steel.
Q. What is the significance of ligands in coordination compounds?
Ans: Ligands play a vital function in figuring out the residences and reactivity of coordination compounds, affecting coloration, stability, and organic pastime.
Q. What is the coordination number?
Ans: The coordination wide variety is the variety of ligand atoms that are at once bonded to the principal metallic ion in a coordination complex.
Q. What are some commonplace examples of coordination compounds?
Ans: Common examples encompass hemoglobin (iron coordination complicated), [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ (tetraamminecopper(II)), and [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ (diammine silver(I)).
Q. How do you determine the oxidation state of the principal metallic in a coordination compound?
Ans: The oxidation nation may be determined with the aid of thinking about the costs of the ligands and the general price of the complex.
