Respiration in Plants is a key subject matter for NEET, focusing at the biochemical techniques plants use to convert glucose into electricity. NEET questions typically cover cardio and anaerobic breathing, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, electron shipping chain, and fermentation. Students should understand key concepts like respiratory quotient, oxidative phosphorylation, and factors affecting plant respiration. Practice questions frequently take a look at the application of those ideas, making it crucial for aspirants to very well grasp the subject to excel in the exam.
- Introduction: Respiration in Plants
- Download: Respiration in Plants
- Types of Respiration in Plants
- Glycolysis: Respiration in Plants
- Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Respiration in Plants
- Electron Transport Chain (ETC): Respiration in Plants
- Fermentation: Respiration in Plants
- Respiratory Quotient (RQ): Respiration in Plants
- Common NEET Questions on Respiration in Plants
- FAQs about Respiration in Plants
Introduction: Respiration in Plants
Respiration in Plants is important for NEET aspirants, because it covers key standards related to the cellular respiratory strategies in plant life. This topic explores the biochemical pathways worried within the breakdown of glucose, inclusive of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. NEET questions about breathing in vegetation regularly check college students’ information of how flora convert energy, the position of enzymes, and the assessment among aerobic and anaerobic respiration. These questions are designed to evaluate a pupil’s draw close of fundamental concepts, inclusive of the change of gases, the significance of ATP manufacturing, and the differences between plant and animal respiratory. Mastering this subject matter is important for scoring nicely in the NEET Biology phase.
Significance of Respiration in Plants
Respiration plays a crucial role in plant growth and survival. Here are a number of its key importance:
- Energy Production: Respiration gives flowers with the power wished for diverse mobile activities, such as:
- Growth and improvement: Plants use ATP to synthesize new cells and tissues.
- Transport: Respiration powers the movement of water, minerals, and sugars at some point of the plant.
- Photosynthesis: While photosynthesis is the number one process by means of which vegetation produce power, respiratory enables to regenerate the ATP used in the course of photosynthesis.
- Nutrient Cycling: Respiration is an critical a part of the carbon cycle. Plants soak up carbon dioxide from the surroundings all through photosynthesis and launch it lower back into the surroundings all through respiration. This enables to maintain the stability of carbon dioxide within the environment.
- Waste Removal: Respiration enables to cast off waste products, which include carbon dioxide and water, from the plant. These waste merchandise can be dangerous to the plant if they accumulate in high concentrations.
- Regulation of Plant Processes: Respiration can help to regulate diverse plant processes, which includes growth, development, and stress responses.
Download: Respiration in Plants
| Title | Download |
|---|---|
| Respiration in Plants NEET Question Paper with Answer Key | Click Here |
Types of Respiration in Plants
| Type | Process | Oxygen Requirement | Products |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Respiration | Breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen | Requires oxygen | Carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and ATP |
| Anaerobic Respiration | Breakdown of glucose within the absence of oxygen | Does not require oxygen | Carbon dioxide (CO2), ethanol (in plants), or lactic acid (in animals) |
Glycolysis: Respiration in Plants
Process of Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the initial stage of cell respiratory, a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, releasing electricity within the manner. This system takes place within the cytoplasm of all cells, regardless of whether they have got mitochondria.
Steps of Glycolysis:
- Phosphorylation: Glucose is phosphorylated twice, using ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate after which fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
- Cleavage: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is break up into two three-carbon molecules: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP).
- Oxidation and Phosphorylation: G3P is oxidized and phosphorylated, producing 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
- Substrate-Level Phosphorylation: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate transfers its phosphate organization to ADP, generating ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.
- Isomerization: 3-phosphoglycerate is transformed to two-phosphoglycerate.
- Dehydration: 2-phosphoglycerate loses a water molecule to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
- Substrate-Level Phosphorylation: PEP transfers its phosphate organization to ADP, generating ATP and pyruvate.
Key Enzymes and Products
Key enzymes: Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), pyruvate kinase
Products: 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP molecules (net), 2 NADH molecules
NEET Sample Questions on Glycolysis
Which of the following enzymes is not involved in glycolysis?
- A. Hexokinase
- B. Succinate dehydrogenase
- C. Phosphofructokinase-1
- D. Pyruvate kinase
Glycolysis takes place within the:
- A. Mitochondria
- B. Chloroplasts
- C. Cytoplasm
- D. Nucleus
The net ATP yield from glycolysis is:
- A. 2 ATP
- B. 4 ATP
- C. 6 ATP
- D. Eight ATP
The very last made from glycolysis is:
- A. Acetyl-CoA
- B. Pyruvate
- C. Citric acid
- D. Lactic acid
Answers: 1. B, 2. C, 3. A, 4. B
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Respiration in Plants
Steps Involved in the Krebs Cycle
The Krebs cycle, also referred to as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. It is the second stage of cell respiratory, following glycolysis.
Steps of the Krebs Cycle:
- Acetyl-CoA Formation: Pyruvate, the quit made from glycolysis, is converted into acetyl-CoA, a 2-carbon compound, via a technique referred to as pyruvate decarboxylation.
- Citrate Formation: Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate (a 4-carbon compound) to shape citrate (a 6-carbon compound).
- Isomerization: Citrate is converted into its isomer, isocitrate.
- Decarboxylation: Isocitrate undergoes two decarboxylation reactions, liberating carbon dioxide molecules and forming alpha-ketoglutarate and then succinyl-CoA.
- Substrate-Level Phosphorylation: Succinyl-CoA is converted into succinate, generating one ATP molecule thru substrate-level phosphorylation.
- Oxidation: Succinate is oxidized to fumarate.
- Hydration: Fumarate is hydrated to shape malate.
- Oxidation: Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, regenerating the beginning compound of the cycle.
Importance of the Krebs Cycle
- Energy Production: The Krebs cycle produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2, that are used to generate more ATP thru oxidative phosphorylation.
- Intermediate Production: The cycle produces intermediates which can be used for other metabolic pathways, together with amino acid synthesis and fatty acid synthesis.
- Regulation of Cellular Metabolism: The Krebs cycle performs a position in regulating cellular metabolism by controlling the production of ATP and other metabolites.
NEET Sample Questions on the Krebs Cycle
- Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
- A. Cytoplasm
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Nucleus
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
- The beginning compound of the Krebs cycle is:
- A. Acetyl-CoA
- B. Citrate
- C. Oxaloacetate
- D. Pyruvate
- How many ATP molecules are produced immediately within the Krebs cycle?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. Four
- The very last product of the Krebs cycle is:
- A. Acetyl-CoA
- B. Citrate
- C. Oxaloacetate
- D. Pyruvate
Answers:
1. B, 2. C, 3. A, 4. C
Electron Transport Chain (ETC): Respiration in Plants
Mechanism of Electron Transport in Plants
The electron shipping chain (ETC) is the final level of cell respiration, going on within the inner mitochondrial membrane. It involves a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2, produced in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, to oxygen, generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Steps of the ETC:
- NADH and FADH2 donate electrons: NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the first protein complex within the ETC, complex I or complex II, respectively.
- Electron transport: The electrons are passed via a series of protein complexes, including complex I, II, III, and IV, as well as the electron provider ubiquinone (CoQ) and cytochrome c.
- Proton pumping: As electrons are transported, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane area, developing a proton gradient.
- ATP synthesis: The proton gradient drives the rotation of the ATP synthase enzyme, which converts ADP into ATP.
- Oxygen discount: The very last electron acceptor within the ETC is oxygen, which combines with protons to form water.
Role of Oxygen in ETC
Oxygen performs a critical position within the ETC as the very last electron acceptor. Without oxygen, the ETC could emerge as blocked, preventing the drift of electrons and the production of ATP. This could cause a buildup of NADH and FADH2, which would inhibit glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, in the end ensuing in mobile loss of life.
NEET Sample Questions at the Electron Transport Chain
- The electron shipping chain is located inside the:
- A. Cytoplasm
- B. Mitochondrial matrix
- C. Inner mitochondrial membrane
- D. Outer mitochondrial membrane
- The very last electron acceptor in the ETC is:
- A. Water
- B. Carbon dioxide
- C. Oxygen
- D. NADH
- The ETC produces ATP through:
- A. Substrate-stage phosphorylation
- B. Oxidative phosphorylation
- C. Glycolysis
- D. The Krebs cycle
- Which of the following is not a issue of the ETC?
- A. Complex I
- B. Complex II
- C. Complex III
- D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Answers: 1. C, 2. C, 3. B, 4. D
Fermentation: Respiration in Plants
| Type | Process | Products | Role in Anaerobic Respiration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alcoholic Fermentation | Conversion of pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide | Ethanol (C2H5OH) and carbon dioxide (CO2) | Provides an alternative pathway for energy production within the absence of oxygen, producing ATP and regenerating NAD for glycolysis. |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation | Conversion of pyruvate into lactate | Lactic acid (C3H6O3) | Provides a short burst of electricity within the absence of oxygen, but can cause muscle fatigue due to the accumulation of lactic acid. |
Respiratory Quotient (RQ): Respiration in Plants
The breathing quotient (RQ) is a measure of the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed in the course of respiration. It is calculated using the following method:
RQ = CO2 produced / O2 consumed
The value of RQ provides insights into the type of substrate being oxidized during respiration.
Factors Affecting RQ in Plants
Several factors can influence the RQ of plants:
- Type of substrate: The kind of substrate being oxidized influences the RQ. For example, the RQ for carbohydrates is 1, while the RQ for fats is 0.7 and for proteins is 0.8.
- Metabolic conditions: The metabolic conditions of the plant, including growth, stress, or dormancy, can affect the RQ.
- Environmental factors: Environmental factors, such as temperature, light intensity, and oxygen availability, can influence the RQ.
Example:
If a plant consumes 100 molecules of oxygen and produces 120 molecules of carbon dioxide, the RQ would be:
RQ = 120 / 100 = 1.2
Common NEET Questions on Respiration in Plants
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
| Question | Answer | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Where does glycolysis occur in a plant cell? | Cytoplasm | Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic procedure that happens in all cells. |
| Which of the following is the final electron acceptor within the electron shipping chain? | Oxygen | Oxygen accepts electrons from the ETC, forming water. |
| The Krebs cycle takes region in the: | Mitochondrial matrix | The Krebs cycle takes place within the mitochondrial matrix. |
| The breathing quotient (RQ) for whole oxidation of glucose is: | 1 | Glucose has a 1:1 ratio of CO2 produced to O2 fed on. |
| Fermentation in flora produces: | Ethanol and carbon dioxide | Alcoholic fermentation is the number one kind in vegetation, producing those merchandise. |
Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions
| Assertion | Reason | Answer | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion: Respiration is important for plant increase and development. | Reason: Respiration presents electricity in the form of ATP, that’s used for diverse mobile processes. | Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. | Respiration is crucial for energy production and supports plant boom and development. |
| Assertion: The ETC occurs inside the mitochondria. | Reason: The ETC includes the switch of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen. | Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the proper explanation of Assertion. | The ETC is a mitochondrial process regarding electron transport and ATP synthesis. |
| Assertion: The RQ of a plant can be less than 1. | Reason: This suggests that the plant is broadly speaking oxidizing fat or proteins. | Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the suitable explanation of Assertion. | Fats and proteins have decrease RQ values in comparison to carbohydrates. |
| Assertion: Glycolysis is an anaerobic method. | Reason: Glycolysis does not require oxygen for its of entirety. | Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the best explanation of Assertion. | Glycolysis can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. |
| Assertion: Fermentation is a wasteful method. | Reason: Fermentation produces less ATP in comparison to aerobic respiration. | Assertion is wrong however Reason is correct. | While fermentation produces much less ATP, it affords a precious alternative in the absence of oxygen. |
FAQs about Respiration in Plants
Q. What is respiration in flora?
Ans: Respiration in vegetation is the process through which they smash down glucose molecules to release energy within the shape of ATP.
Q. What is the significance of respiration in flowers?
Ans: It gives power for diverse physiological strategies, consisting of growth, repair, and nutrient transport.
Q. Where does respiratory arise in flowers?
Ans: Respiration happens within the mitochondria of plant cells.
Q. What are the 2 types of breathing?
Ans: Aerobic respiration (calls for oxygen) and anaerobic respiratory (happens with out oxygen).
Q. What is glycolysis?
Ans: Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH, and happens within the cytoplasm.
