What is Classification of Roads?
The type of roads is critical for expertise their design, usage, and maintenance. Roads may be categorized primarily based totally on diverse criteria, along with their function, location, and production materials. Here are the principle classifications:
1. Based on Function
National Highways: These are most important roads that join vital towns and states. They are maintained through the critical government.
State Highways: These roads join exceptional elements of a kingdom and are maintained through the kingdom government.
District Roads: These roads join the district headquarters with different cities and vital regions in the district.
2. Based on Location
Urban Roads: Found inside town limits, designed to deal with heavy site visitors and diverse modes of transport.
Rural Roads: Located in rural regions, mainly serving neighborhood site visitors and agricultural needs.
3. Based on Surface Type
Paved Roads: Made with concrete, asphalt, or different materials, providing a long lasting and clean surface.
Unpaved Roads: Typically fabricated from dust or gravel, those roads can be much less long lasting and require greater maintenance.
4. Based on Capacity and Traffic Volume
Expressways: High-capability roads designed for fast-transferring site visitors, commonly with out intersections at grade.
Collector Roads: Roads that collect site visitors from neighborhood streets and direct it to arterial roads.
Local Roads: Designed for decrease site visitors volumes, presenting direct get right of entry to to houses and businesses.
Classification of Roads
| Criteria | Classification | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Based on Function | National Highways | Major roads connecting important cities and states, maintained by the central government. |
| State Highways | Roads connecting different parts of a state, maintained by the state government. | |
| District Roads | Roads connecting district headquarters with towns and important areas within the district. | |
| Village Roads | Roads providing access to rural areas and connecting villages to district roads. | |
| Urban Roads | Roads within cities, further categorized into arterial, collector, and local roads. | |
| Based on Location | Urban Roads | Roads found within city limits, designed for heavy traffic and various transport modes. |
| Rural Roads | Roads located in rural areas, primarily serving local traffic and agricultural needs. | |
| Based on Surface Type | Paved Roads | Made with concrete, asphalt, or other durable materials, offering smooth surfaces. |
| Unpaved Roads | Typically dirt or gravel roads, less durable and require more maintenance. | |
| Based on Capacity and Traffic Volume | Expressways | High-capacity roads for fast-moving traffic, usually without grade intersections. |
| Collector Roads | Roads that gather traffic from local streets and direct it to arterial roads. | |
| Local Roads | Designed for lower traffic volumes, providing direct access to residences and businesses. | |
| Based on Administrative Control | Central Government Roads | Maintained by the central government, such as national highways. |
| State Government Roads | Maintained by state governments, including state highways and district roads. | |
| Local Government Roads | Managed by local authorities, including urban and rural roads. | |
| Based on Purpose | Commercial Roads | Primarily used for transporting goods and services. |
| Residential Roads | Designed mainly for providing access to residential areas. | |
| Recreational Roads | Found in parks or scenic areas, used for leisure activities. |
Classification of Roads Based on Materials
Flexible Pavements
Bituminous Roads: Made with asphalt and bitumen, those roads are bendy and might accommodate moderate deformations.
Gravel Roads: Composed of gravel and a binding material, appropriate for low-site visitors regions.
Soil-Cement Roads: A aggregate of soil and cement, presenting a low-value opportunity for rural roads.
Rigid Pavements
Concrete Roads: Made of cement concrete, supplying excessive energy and durability, appropriate for heavy site visitors.
Reinforced Concrete Roads: Use of metallic reinforcement to beautify energy, frequently utilized in excessive-load scenarios.
Unpaved Roads
Earthen Roads: Composed of compacted earth, appropriate for low-site visitors rural regions however require common maintenance.
Dirt Roads: Unbound surfaces which could include free soil, specifically utilized in rural or undeveloped regions.
Composite Pavements
Asphalt Over Concrete: A mixture of asphalt and urban layers, presenting the advantages of each substances.
Concrete Over Asphalt: A machine wherein concrete is located over an asphalt base for progressed overall performance and durability.
Key Points
Flexible Pavements are suitable for regions with low site visitors and require everyday maintenance.
Rigid Pavements are best for excessive-site visitors and heavy-load regions because of their durability.
Unpaved Roads are not unusualplace in rural regions however might not resist heavy site visitors with out enormous maintenance.
Composite Pavements make use of the strengths of each substances, presenting better overall performance.
This category enables in deciding on the precise substances primarily based totally on site visitors requirements, environmental conditions, and value considerations.
Classification of Roads Based on Location and Function of Roads
Classification of Roads Based on Location
Urban Roads
Arterial Roads: Major roads that deliver massive volumes of visitors and join diverse areas inside a city. They normally have confined get admission to to hold visitors flow.
Collector Roads: Roads that acquire visitors from neighborhood streets and distribute it to arterial roads. They offer get admission to to neighborhoods and industrial areas.
Local Roads: Roads designed for low-velocity visitors that offer direct get admission to to houses and businesses.
Rural Roads
State Highways: Roads that join fundamental cities and towns inside a kingdom, maintained with the aid of using the kingdom government.
District Roads: Connects smaller cities and districts, serving as a hyperlink among kingdom highways and rural areas.
Village Roads: Roads that offer get admission to to rural villages, regularly unpaved, and can serve agricultural needs.
Classification of Roads Based on Function
National Highways
Major highways that join extraordinary states and areas, facilitating long-distance tour and transportation of goods. They are maintained with the aid of using the critical government.
State Highways
Roads maintained with the aid of using kingdom governments, connecting fundamental towns and cities inside the kingdom. They are critical for intra-kingdom tour.
District Roads
These roads serve to attach diverse components of a district, linking neighborhood roads to the primary highways.
Village Roads
Primarily serve rural areas, connecting villages to district roads or highways. They are crucial for neighborhood transportation and get admission to to agricultural areas.
Classification of Roads Based on Traffic Volume
High-Volume Roads
Expressways: Designed for high-pace site visitors, those roads accommodate big volumes of motors with more than one lanes and no intersections at grade. They regularly have managed get right of entry to points.
National Highways: Major roads that join one-of-a-kind states and areas, dealing with enormous site visitors volumes for each passenger and freight transport.
Medium-Volume Roads
State Highways: These roads function critical hyperlinks inside states, connecting diverse towns and cities. They commonly cope with mild site visitors volumes and might encompass each neighborhood and via site visitors.
Collector Roads: These roads gather site visitors from neighborhood roads and distribute it to arterial or country wide highways, facilitating mild site visitors flow.
Low-Volume Roads
District Roads: Serving precise districts, those roads join smaller cities and rural regions, dealing with decrease site visitors volumes as compared to better classifications.
Local Roads: Designed generally for neighborhood get right of entry to, those roads have low site visitors volumes and offer direct get right of entry to to houses and businesses.
Very Low-Volume Roads
Dirt Roads: Unpaved roads which can encompass free soil, generally utilized in rural or undeveloped areas with little or no site visitors.
Nagpur Road Plan (1943-1963)
The Nagpur Road Plan, additionally referred to as the Nagpur Urban Development Plan, turned into a extensive city making plans initiative in India, specifically for the metropolis of Nagpur in Maharashtra. Below is an outline of the important thing factors and goals of the Nagpur Road Plan:
Key Aspects of the Nagpur Road Plan (1943-1963)
1. Historical Context
Post-Independence Urbanization: The plan turned into conceived for the duration of a time of extensive extrade in India, following independence in 1947, whilst towns had been experiencing speedy populace increase and urbanization.
Need for Planning: The growth in populace and business hobby necessitated a based technique to city making plans to house increase and beautify dwelling conditions.
2. Main Objectives
Traffic Management: To cope with visitors congestion and enhance street protection with the aid of using growing a complete street network.
Infrastructure Development: To beautify public amenities, such as water supply, sanitation, housing, and transportation.
Land Use Planning: To manual the allocation of land for residential, commercial, business, and leisure purposes, making sure balanced improvement.
3. Planning Principles
Comprehensive Planning: The plan emphasised an incorporated technique, thinking about diverse factors of city life, such as transportation, housing, and public services.
Sustainability: A consciousness on sustainable improvement to make certain that increase could now no longer compromise the metropolis`s environmental integrity.
Public Participation: Engaging with neighborhood groups to apprehend their wishes and include their remarks into the making plans process.
Bombay Road Plan (1961-1981)
The Bombay Road Plan (1961-1981) changed into a great city making plans initiative geared toward addressing the speedy urbanization and growing visitors congestion in Mumbai (then Bombay). Here`s an outline of the important thing elements of the plan:
Objectives of the Bombay Road Plan
Traffic Management: To alleviate visitors congestion withinside the town with the aid of using enhancing avenue infrastructure.
Urban Mobility: To decorate transportation facilities, making sure clean mobility for citizens and commuters.
Safety Improvements: To lessen injuries and enhance protection requirements on roads.
Environmental Considerations: To keep in mind environmental elements in city development, together with decreasing pollutants and retaining inexperienced spaces.
Key Features of the Plan
Road Network Expansion:
Development of latest roads and widening of current ones to house growing vehicular visitors.
Construction of bypasses to divert long-distance visitors farfar from congested town areas.
Multi-Modal Transport:
Integration of diverse modes of transport, together with buses, railways, and ferry offerings, to offer a cohesive transportation system.
Introduction of devoted bus lanes and advanced bus offerings to inspire public transportation usage.
Grade Separators:
Construction of flyovers and underpasses to put off at-grade crossings, which make contributions to visitors delays.
Reduction of sign stops to enhance the go with the drift of visitors.
Pedestrian Facilities:
Development of sidewalks, pedestrian crossings, and foot overbridges to make sure the protection of pedestrians.
Designated bicycle lanes to sell non-motorized transport.
Lucknow Road Plan (1981-2001)
The Lucknow Road Plan (1981-2001) changed into a giant city making plans initiative geared toward addressing the developing visitors and transportation demanding situations in Lucknow, the capital town of Uttar Pradesh, India. This plan changed into designed to beautify the street infrastructure and enhance city mobility in a swiftly urbanizing environment. Here`s a top level view of the important thing factors of the Lucknow Road Plan:
Objectives of the Lucknow Road Plan
Traffic Decongestion: To lessen visitors congestion withinside the town, especially in densely populated and business areas.
Road Infrastructure Development: To make bigger and improve the present avenue community to deal with growing vehicular visitors.
Improved Connectivity: To beautify connectivity among diverse elements of the town and neighboring regions.
Safety and Efficiency: To enhance avenue protection and visitors control systems, making sure green motion of automobiles and pedestrians.
Key Features of the Plan
Road Network Expansion:
Construction of recent roads and widening of current roads to boom potential and enhance visitors go with the drift.
Development of ring roads and bypasses to divert thru visitors farfar from congested town areas.
Grade Separation:
Construction of flyovers and underpasses at important junctions to remove visitors alerts and decrease congestion.
Implementation of grade separators to beautify the go with the drift of each vehicular and pedestrian visitors.
Public Transport Improvement:
Enhancement of public transportation systems, which includes buses and auto-rickshaws, to offer a dependable opportunity to personal automobiles.
Introduction of committed bus lanes to prioritize public shipping and decrease journey times.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- What are high-volume roads?
High-volume roads are designed to accommodate large amounts of traffic, such as expressways and national highways. - What characterizes medium-volume roads?
Medium-volume roads include state highways and collector roads that handle moderate traffic levels. - What are low-volume roads?
Low-volume roads include district roads and local roads that primarily provide access to residential and rural areas. - What defines very low-volume roads?
Very low-volume roads are unpaved or access roads with minimal traffic, often found in rural or remote regions. - Why is traffic volume classification important?
Traffic volume classification helps in road planning, design, maintenance, and traffic management strategies.
