- Classification of Parliamentary committees UPSC
- Standing Parliamentary committees UPSC
- Financial Parliamentary committees UPSC
- Departmentally Related Standing Parliamentary committees UPSC
- Ad Hoc Parliamentary committees UPSC
- Joint Parliamentary committees UPSC
- Select and Joint Select Parliamentary committees UPSC
- Parliamentary committees UPSC on Subordinate Legislation
- FAQ
Classification of Parliamentary committees UPSC
Parliamentary committees may be extensively labeled into essential categories: Standing Committees and Ad Hoc Committees. Understanding the difference among those sorts is critical for comprehending their precise roles and capabilities withinside the legislative framework.
Standing Committees
Standing Committees are everlasting committees set up to cope with ongoing legislative and administrative problems. These committees characteristic during the yr and play a pivotal function withinside the non-stop oversight of numerous sectors and policies. Some key Standing Committees include:
Public Accounts Committee (PAC)
Estimates Committee
Committee on Public Undertakings
Departmental Standing Committees
These committees are vital for the constant and certain exam of governmental activities, making sure transparency and accountability.
Ad Hoc Committees
Ad Hoc Committees, because the call suggests, are transient committees fashioned for a particular motive and dissolved after the project is completed. They are constituted to cope with specific problems or check out precise topics that arise.
Examples of Ad Hoc Committees include:
Joint Parliamentary Committees (JPC)
Select Committees
Special Inquiry Committees
These committees are critical for addressing pressing and precise problems that require targeted attention, presenting certain reviews and hints at the topics assigned to them.
Difference among Standing and Ad Hoc Committees
The number one distinction among Standing and Ad Hoc Committees lies of their permanence and scope of work. Standing Committees are everlasting and cope with ongoing problems and policies, functioning yr-spherical to make certain non-stop legislative oversight. In contrast, Ad Hoc Committees are transient, fashioned to address precise problems or behavior unique investigations, and are dissolved as soon as their project is completed.
Standing Committees offer a strong shape for normal parliamentary scrutiny, whilst Ad Hoc Committees provide flexibility to cope with specific or pressing problems as they arise. Both sorts of committees are vital for the complete functioning of the parliamentary system, complementing every different to make certain powerful legislative oversight and governance.
Standing Parliamentary committees UPSC
Definition and Scope
Standing Committees are everlasting committees set up via way of means of both the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha withinside the Indian Parliament. Their number one feature is to control and oversee the targeted exam of numerous legislative and administrative subjects on a non-stop basis. These committees are critical to the parliamentary manner as they make sure that law and guidelines are very well scrutinized, facilitating powerful governance and duty.
List of Standing Committees
The Indian Parliament has numerous Standing Committees, every with a particular cognizance area. Some of the important thing Standing Committees include:
Public Accounts Committee (PAC)
Estimates Committee
Public Undertakings
Departmentally Related Standing Committees (DRSCs)
Agriculture
Defence
External Affairs
Finance
Home Affairs
Human Resource Development
Industry
Information Technology
Labour
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Railways
Urban Development
Water Resources
Functions and Responsibilities
Standing Committees carry out numerous vital capabilities and feature a huge variety of responsibilities, including:
Examination of Bills and Policies:
Reviewing and suggesting amendments to proposed law.
Ensuring that payments are very well tested earlier than being debated in Parliament.
Financial Oversight:
Scrutinizing authorities expenditure and monetary administration.
Examining the reviews of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) and making sure monetary propriety.
Policy Review:
Evaluating the implementation and effectiveness of presidency guidelines and packages.
Providing hints to enhance coverage results and administrative efficiency.
Ensuring Accountability:
Holding authorities departments and public organizations responsible for their overall performance and operations.
Conducting inquiries and investigations into unique problems of public importance.
Facilitating Informed Debate:
Providing targeted reviews and hints to the Parliament, which function the premise for knowledgeable debate and discussion.
Engaging with experts, stakeholders, and the general public to accumulate various views on numerous problems.
Continuous Monitoring:
Maintaining ongoing oversight of unique sectors, guidelines, and packages to make sure they align with legislative reason and public interest.
Identifying and addressing problems of challenge thru periodic evaluations and follow-ups.
Standing Committees consequently play a critical position in improving the legislative manner, making sure targeted scrutiny, and selling transparency and duty withinside the parliamentary system.
Financial Parliamentary committees UPSC
Departmentally Related Standing Committees (DRSCs) in Parliamentary committees UPSC
Overview
Departmentally Related Standing Committees (DRSCs) are a hard and fast of specialised committees withinside the Indian Parliament, set up to scrutinize the paintings of diverse ministries and departments. These committees make sure distinctive exam of policies, payments, and problems associated with precise sectors. DRSCs play a vital position in improving the legislative system via way of means of imparting distinctive reviews and tips, thereby enhancing the general governance and duty of the government.
Composition
Total Number: There are presently 24 DRSCs.
Membership: Each committee includes 31 individuals—21 from the Lok Sabha and 10 from the Rajya Sabha.
Appointment: Members are nominated via way of means of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Chairperson: The Chairperson of every DRSC is appointed via way of means of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Role and Significance
Policy Review: DRSCs assessment the policies, programs, and functioning of the ministries and departments beneathneath their purview. They advise upgrades and advise modifications for higher implementation.
Legislative Scrutiny: These committees study payments mentioned them and offer distinctive reviews, which assist in refining the rules earlier than it’s miles debated in Parliament.
Budgetary Oversight: DRSCs scrutinize the yearly finances and expenditure in their respective ministries, making sure economic prudence and duty.
Issue-Based Inquiry: They behavior in-intensity research and inquiries into precise problems or issues inside their sector, imparting treasured insights and tips for the government.
Facilitating Debate: By imparting distinctive reviews and professional opinions, DRSCs facilitate knowledgeable debate in Parliament, making sure that individuals are well-versed withinside the problems at hand.
Ad Hoc Parliamentary committees UPSC
Definition and Purpose
Ad Hoc Committees are transient committees fashioned via way of means of the Parliament to deal with unique troubles or obligations that get up and require targeted attention. Unlike Standing Committees, Ad Hoc Committees aren’t everlasting and are dissolved as soon as their assigned venture is completed. Their motive is to research, file on, and offer hints for specific troubles or legislative topics that call for distinctive scrutiny out of doors the ordinary time table of Standing Committees.
Types of Ad Hoc Committees
Select Committees:
Formed to take a look at specific payments in detail.
Composed of contributors from each Houses of Parliament.
Tasked with scrutinizing the invoice clause via way of means of clause, looking for professional opinions, and recommending amendments.
Joint Parliamentary Committees (JPCs):
Established to research unique topics of country wide importance.
Include contributors from each Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Conduct in-intensity inquiries, collect evidence, and put up complete reviews to Parliament.
Special Inquiry Committees:
Set up to research unique allegations or incidents.
Typically fashioned to deal with pressing troubles or controversies.
Empowered to name for evidence, summon witnesses, and file findings and hints.
Examples of Important Ad Hoc Committees
Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) on Stock Market Scam (2001):
Investigated irregularities and malpractices withinside the inventory marketplace, in particular the rip-off concerning stockbroker Harshad Mehta.
Provided distinctive hints for strengthening marketplace policies and making sure economic integrity.
Select Committee at the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill (2011):
Examined the provisions of the proposed invoice aimed toward setting up anti-corruption ombudsmen.
Suggested numerous amendments to decorate the effectiveness and independence of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas.
Joint Parliamentary Committee on 2G Spectrum Allocation (2010):
Investigated the allocation and pricing of 2G spectrum licenses, uncovering sizable irregularities and corruption.
Recommended measures to enhance transparency and responsibility in spectrum allocation processes.
Select Committee at the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Bill (2016):
Analyzed the provisions of the GST Bill, which aimed to overtake India`s oblique tax system.
Provided vital inputs that fashioned the very last legislation, facilitating the implementation of the GST regime.
Ad Hoc Committees play a important function in addressing unique, time-sure troubles that require distinctive exam and action, complementing the continuing paintings of Standing Committees in making sure complete legislative oversight and governance.
Joint Parliamentary Committees (JPCs) in Parliamentary committees UPSC
Formation and Composition
Joint Parliamentary Committees (JPCs) are advert hoc committees fashioned with the aid of using the Indian Parliament to research unique troubles of countrywide importance. They consist of participants from each the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, making sure a complete and bipartisan method to the troubles beneathneath investigation. The formation of a JPC commonly follows a movement handed in both House of Parliament, specifying the motive and scope of the committee`s paintings. The composition and wide variety of participants can range relying on the problem at hand, however generally, JPCs have round 20-30 participants. The Chairperson of a JPC is typically appointed from the ruling birthday birthday celebration with the aid of using the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Key Functions
In-Depth Investigation:
JPCs behavior thorough investigations into unique troubles or scandals, accumulating evidence, summoning witnesses, and searching for professional opinions.
They study the information comprehensively to apprehend the foundation reasons and implications of the problem.
Reporting and Recommendations:
After finishing their investigation, JPCs put together distinctive reviews outlining their findings and conclusions.
They offer tips for remedial actions, coverage modifications, or legislative amendments to deal with the troubles identified.
Ensuring Accountability:
By bringing troubles to mild and conserving accountable events accountable, JPCs play a important function in upholding the integrity of governance and public administration.
They assist make sure transparency and duty inside authorities operations and policies.
Legislative Oversight:
JPCs make contributions to the wider oversight feature of Parliament with the aid of using intently analyzing unique topics of public interest.
Their paintings enhances the continuing efforts of Standing Committees in scrutinizing authorities activities.
Prominent JPCs in Indian Parliamentary History
JPC on Bofors Scandal (1987):
Investigated allegations of corruption withinside the procurement of Bofors artillery guns.
Uncovered information of kickbacks and implicated numerous high-profile individuals, main to good sized political repercussions.
JPC on Harshad Mehta Stock Market Scam (1992):
Examined the manipulation of inventory costs and irregularities in banking transactions with the aid of using stockbroker Harshad Mehta.
Recommended big reforms in inventory marketplace rules and banking practices to save you destiny scams.
JPC on 2G Spectrum Allocation (2010):
Investigated irregularities withinside the allocation of 2G spectrum licenses, which caused a large economic scandal.
Highlighted the want for transparency and duty in spectrum allocation processes, main to prison and regulatory reforms.
JPC on VVIP Chopper Scam (2013):
Probed allegations of corruption withinside the procurement of AgustaWestland VVIP helicopters.
Brought to mild troubles associated with protection procurement and advocated measures to beautify transparency and integrity in such deals.
Joint Parliamentary Committees have performed a pivotal function in Indian parliamentary history, addressing big troubles and contributing to the enhancement of governance and duty. Their investigations and tips have caused crucial coverage modifications and reforms, reinforcing the function of Parliament in overseeing authorities activities.
Select and Joint Select Parliamentary committees UPSC
Overview
Select Committees and Joint Select Committees are advert hoc committees mounted with the aid of using the Indian Parliament to look at particular bills, troubles, or topics in detail. They are shaped to offer unique scrutiny that isn’t always viable inside the normal legislative process. While each kinds of committees serve to refine rules and look into particular troubles, they range of their composition and focus.
Composition and Functions
Select Committees:
Composition:
Consist of contributors from both the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha, relying on which residence to start with refers the invoice or issue.
Typically have 15-20 contributors, with illustration from extraordinary political parties.
The Chairperson is appointed from some of the contributors of the referring residence.
Functions:
Detailed Examination: Focus on a particular invoice or piece of rules, inspecting every clause in detail.
Amendments: Suggest amendments to enhance or regulate the proposed invoice primarily based totally on proof and professional opinions.
Reporting: Prepare an in depth file with suggestions, that is then provided to the Parliament for in addition debate and approval.
Joint Select Committees:
Composition:
Composed of contributors from each the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
Membership commonly consists of round 20-30 contributors, with same illustration from each homes.
The Chairperson is appointed from one of the homes, commonly with the aid of using the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Functions:
Comprehensive Investigation: Investigate complicated or multifaceted troubles that require enter from each homes of Parliament.
Detailed Review: Examine particular bills, troubles, or administrative topics which are of substantial country wide importance.
Recommendations: Provide suggestions primarily based totally on their findings, that can result in legislative adjustments or coverage reforms.
Examples and Case Studies
Select Committees:
Select Committee at the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Bill (2016):
Overview: Examined the provisions of the GST Bill, which aimed to simplify and unify India`s oblique tax system.
Functions: Analyzed numerous factors of the invoice, acquired inputs from stakeholders, and counseled amendments to make certain powerful implementation.
Outcome: The committee`s suggestions have been integrated into the very last rules, facilitating the a success rollout of the GST regime.
Select Committee at the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill (2011):
Overview: Reviewed the invoice geared toward organising anti-corruption ombudsmen on the relevant and nation levels.
Functions: Evaluated the invoice`s provisions, held consultations with experts, and proposed amendments to beautify the effectiveness of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas.
Outcome: The committee`s recommendations have been included into the very last model of the invoice, strengthening the Lokpal framework.
Joint Select Committees:
Joint Select Committee at the Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) (2002):
Overview: Investigated the results and effectiveness of the Prevention of Terrorism Act.
Functions: Analyzed the act`s provisions, consulted with stakeholders, and assessed its effect on civil liberties and security.
Outcome: The committee`s findings inspired next amendments and reforms to deal with issues associated with human rights and counter-terrorism measures.
Parliamentary committees UPSC on Subordinate Legislation
Purpose and Scope
The Committee on Subordinate Legislation is a parliamentary committee tasked with reviewing and scrutinizing the rules, regulations, and orders made via way of means of the authorities below the authority of number one regulation (Acts of Parliament). Its number one motive is to make certain that those subordinate law are regular with the provisions and rationale of the discern Act. The scope of the committee`s paintings encompasses inspecting the legality, appropriateness, and compliance of those legislative instruments, making sure that they do now no longer exceed the powers granted via way of means of the number one regulation.
Functions and Procedures
Functions:
Scrutiny of Subordinate Legislation:
Examines rules, regulations, orders, and via way of means of-legal guidelines framed below numerous Acts of Parliament.
Ensures that subordinate regulation is regular with the discern Act`s goals and felony framework.
Review of Compliance and Legality:
Checks for any irregularities, deviations, or abuses of authority withinside the subordinate regulation.
Assesses whether or not the delegated powers were exercised withinside the limits prescribed via way of means of the discern Act.
Recommendations for Revisions:
Proposes modifications or amendments to subordinate regulation that can be vital to convey it in step with legislative rationale.
Provides tips for corrective movements or legislative amendments if the subordinate regulation is located to be non-compliant or exceeding the authority.
Reporting to Parliament:
Prepares and submits reviews on its findings and tips to each homes of Parliament.
Ensures that Parliament is knowledgeable of any troubles or issues concerning subordinate regulation.
Procedures:
Examination Process:
The committee evaluations subordinate regulation as according to the time table or upon receiving unique references from Parliament.
It examines the felony text, accompanying documents, and applicable reasons furnished via way of means of the authorities.
Consultations and Evidence Gathering:
May visit experts, stakeholders, and applicable authorities departments to acquire statistics and views at the subordinate regulation.
Invites written submissions or oral proof to assist its scrutiny.
Drafting Reports:
Compiles findings into particular reviews, highlighting any discrepancies or troubles located withinside the subordinate regulation.
Submits reviews to Parliament, inclusive of tips for corrective measures or legislative modifications.
Impact on Legislative Process
Ensuring Consistency and Compliance:
The committee`s scrutiny guarantees that subordinate regulation aligns with the number one regulation`s goals and felony framework, retaining the integrity of the legislative procedure.
Preventing Overreach:
By reviewing delegated powers, the committee allows save you government overreach and guarantees that rule-making government do now no longer exceed their legislative mandate.
Improving Transparency and Accountability:
The committee`s paintings complements transparency withinside the rule-making procedure and holds the authorities chargeable for its administrative movements and regulatory decisions.
Facilitating Legislative Refinement:
Recommendations from the committee make a contribution to refining and enhancing the legislative framework, making sure that subordinate regulation stays powerful and applicable.
Overall, the Committee on Subordinate Legislation performs a vital position in retaining the stability of energy among the legislature and the government, making sure that every one subordinate legislative movements adhere to the standards and provisions of number one regulation.
