The weather in Kolkata is generally characterized through its tropical weather, with hot and humid situations prevailing for plenty of the year. Summers, which span from March to June, are sweltering with temperatures regularly exceeding 30 levels Celsius (86 stages Fahrenheit). Monsoon season arrives in June and lasts until September, bringing heavy rainfall and providing alleviation from the heat. The submit-monsoon months of October and November see a slow decrease in humidity and temperature, presenting extra pleasant weather. Winters in Kolkata, from December to February, are mild and dry, with temperatures averaging around 15-25 levels Celsius (59-77 degrees Fahrenheit). Overall, Kolkata stories awesome seasons, with every presenting its own specific weather and atmosphere.
Geographical Factors Influencing Kolkata Weather
Kolkata’s weather is appreciably encouraged by using a aggregate of geographical elements that contribute to its specific tropical climate. Situated at the eastern coast of India, close to the Tropic of Cancer, Kolkata’s geographical place plays a pivotal function in shaping its climate patterns. Here are some key geographical elements that affect the weather in Kolkata:
- Proximity to the Bay of Bengal: Kolkata’s closeness to the Bay of Bengal makes it vulnerable to excessive humidity levels almost 12 months-round. This proximity additionally approach that the city is directly suffering from the monsoon winds that sweep across the Bay, leading to heavy rainfall at some point of the monsoon season.
- Tropic of Cancer: Being close to the Tropic of Cancer, Kolkata reports a tropical climate with long, warm, and humid summers. The solar’s rays fall at once on the town around the summer season solstice, contributing to the extreme warmness.
- Flat Topography: The flat landscape of the region permits for the speedy spread of warmth and does no longer offer any herbal barrier to the humid winds coming from the Bay of Bengal. This flatness contributes to the accumulation of heat and moisture inside the air, especially in the course of the summer season and monsoon seasons.
- Altitude: Kolkata is placed at a low altitude, which in addition enhances the effect of the tropical climate. Lower altitudes have a tendency to be warmer, and this feature contributes to Kolkata’s normally heat weather situations.
- Urban Heat Island Effect: Like many massive towns, Kolkata stories the city heat island effect, where urban areas end up significantly warmer than their rural surroundings due to human activities and the awareness of buildings and concrete. This effect exacerbates the obviously warm situations, specifically at some point of the summer season months.
Kolkata Weather: 10 days
| Day | High Temp (°C) | Low Temp (°C) | Conditions | Rain Chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monday | 34 | 26 | Sunny | 10% |
| Tuesday | 35 | 27 | Partly Cloudy | 20% |
| Wednesday | 33 | 26 | Cloudy | 30% |
| Thursday | 34 | 25 | Thunderstorms | 60% |
| Friday | 32 | 24 | Heavy Rain | 80% |
| Saturday | 31 | 25 | Rainy | 70% |
| Sunday | 33 | 26 | Mostly Sunny | 15% |
| Monday | 34 | 27 | Sunny | 5% |
| Tuesday | 35 | 26 | Partly Cloudy | 10% |
| Wednesday | 33 | 25 | Cloudy | 25% |
Seasonal Weather Patterns in Kolkata
Kolkata, with its geographical region in the japanese part of India, experiences distinct seasonal weather patterns that define life in this vibrant city. The climate is mainly tropical, marked with the aid of high temperatures and humidity, with the year divided into four foremost seasons: summer, monsoon, publish-monsoon, and iciness.
- Summer (March to June)
The summer season in Kolkata is characterized by using intense warmth and high humidity. Temperatures typically leap above 30°C (86°F), often reaching up to forty°C (104°F) throughout height instances in May and June. The warmth is on occasion punctuated by means of sporadic pre-monsoon showers, which give brief comfort from the sweltering temperatures. The excessive humidity tiers, that may make the heat sense even greater oppressive, are a result of the metropolis’s proximity to the Bay of Bengal.
2. Monsoon (June to September)
The monsoon season brings a sizeable change to the weather pattern, because the southwest monsoon winds bring in heavy and sustained rainfall. This duration sees the metropolis receiving the majority of its annual rainfall, main to cooler temperatures compared to the summer time but with persevered high humidity. The rains rejuvenate the town and its surroundings, although they can also purpose waterlogging and flooding in a few regions.
3. Post-Monsoon (October to November)
Following the monsoon, the publish-monsoon season sees a slow reduction in rainfall and a slight drop in temperatures. This period is marked with the aid of more first-rate weather, with lower degrees of humidity and cooler breezes, making it one of the maximum comfortable times of the yr in Kolkata. The famous Durga Puja competition, a highlight of the city’s cultural calendar, takes region in the course of this season.
4. Winter (December to February)
Winter in Kolkata is slight and dry, with minimal rainfall.
Challenges Faced Due to Kolkata Weather
Kolkata’s numerous climate situations pose more than a few demanding situations for its citizens, infrastructure, and governance. Here are 10 specific factors highlighting those challenges:
- Heatwaves: During summer, the town reviews severe heatwaves, leading to accelerated cases of heatstroke, dehydration, and different warmth-related illnesses.
- Air Quality Deterioration: High temperatures, specifically for the duration of summer time, can exacerbate air pollutants tiers, affecting respiratory health and common air fine.
- Waterlogging: The heavy rainfall for the duration of the monsoon season frequently leads to waterlogging, disrupting every day existence, transportation, and enterprise operations.
- Flooding: Intense monsoon rains regularly bring about flooding, damaging homes, infrastructure, and main to monetary losses.
- Spread of Diseases: The accumulation of stagnant water throughout the monsoon will become a breeding floor for mosquitoes, increasing the danger of vector-borne illnesses like dengue and malaria.
- High Humidity: The excessive humidity ranges at some point of tons of the year could make every day sports uncomfortable and cause fitness issues which include fungal infections and heat exhaustion.
- Infrastructure Damage: Seasonal climate extremes, from warmth to heavy rains, stress the city’s infrastructure, necessitating common repairs and protection, specially of roads and drainage systems.
- Agricultural Impact: The unpredictability of monsoon rains can adversely affect agriculture, impacting each crop yield and meals protection.
- Energy Demand: Extreme warmth leads to elevated use of air conditioning and refrigeration, extensively elevating electricity consumption and putting stress at the metropolis’s power supply.
- Urban Heat Island Effect: The attention of homes, vehicles, and business pastime exacerbates the heat, making urban areas
How Climate Change Might Affect Kolkata Weather
Climate change is poised to noticeably affect Kolkata’s weather, exacerbating current environmental and social issues at the same time as introducing new demanding situations. Here are ten key factors on how climate alternate may impact the climate patterns in Kolkata:
- Higher Temperatures: Kolkata will probably see an boom in common temperatures, main to longer and extra intense heatwaves, considerably impacting public fitness and strength consumption.
- Intensified Monsoon: The monsoon season may turn out to be more unpredictable, with episodes of extraordinarily heavy rainfall increasing the danger of flooding, while probably additionally having periods of reduced rainfall affecting water availability.
- Increased Flooding: Enhanced monsoon intensity and sea-level upward thrust could lead to greater frequent and extreme flooding, affecting tens of millions of people, destructive infrastructure, and disrupting the economic system.
- Sea-Level Rise: Being close to the Bay of Bengal, Kolkata is prone to the consequences of growing sea stages, threatening coastal areas and probably leading to the displacement of groups.
- Greater Humidity: Rising temperatures might be followed by way of elevated humidity, exacerbating warmth-associated discomfort and fitness dangers, and affecting indoor air excellent.
- Water Scarcity: Despite potential increases in monsoon rainfall, the distribution would possibly become extra erratic, leading to durations of water shortage and impacting each city and agricultural water components.
- Agricultural Disruptions: Climate change can also alter the timing and intensity of monsoon rains, affecting crop yields, farming schedules, and leading to food security challenges.
- Spread of Diseases: Warmer temperatures and changing rainfall styles can expand the habitats of ailment-sporting vectors like mosquitoes, doubtlessly main to an increase
The Role of Weather in Kolkata Agriculture
Weather plays a vital function in agriculture in Kolkata, influencing crop growth, yields, and usual agricultural productivity. The city’s climate, characterised through distinct seasons and inspired via factors consisting of the monsoon and humidity, shapes the agricultural calendar and practices. Here’s how weather influences Kolkata agriculture:
- Monsoon Rainfall: The monsoon season, which normally occurs from June to September, brings the majority of Kolkata’s annual rainfall. Adequate monsoon rainfall is important for crop cultivation, imparting the important water for germination, increase, and maturation of crops.
- Irrigation Needs: During the dry seasons, particularly in wintry weather and pre-monsoon months, irrigation turns into critical for maintaining crop fitness. Farmers depend upon irrigation structures to supplement water necessities and make certain non-stop crop growth.
- Temperature Variability: Kolkata experiences significant temperature versions throughout the yr. While the hot summers can be challenging for some crops, cooler temperatures in the course of the submit-monsoon and winter seasons offer favorable situations for certain crops’ growth and maturation.
- Humidity Levels: High humidity levels everyday for the duration of the year can create favorable situations for the boom of positive plants, such as rice. However, immoderate humidity also can sell the unfold of fungal sicknesses, affecting crop fitness and yield.
- Pest and Disease Management: Weather situations influence the prevalence of pests and diseases in agricultural fields. Warm and humid climate can boom the prevalence of pest infestations and fungal diseases, requiring farmers to put into effect effective pest control techniques.
Weather Forecasting and Prediction in Kolkata
Weather forecasting and prediction in Kolkata are essential for various sectors, along with agriculture, transportation, catastrophe control, and public safety. Several techniques and technology are employed to provide accurate and timely climate forecasts for the city. Here’s an overview of climate forecasting and prediction in Kolkata:
- Meteorological Data Collection: Weather forecasting starts with the gathering of meteorological information from diverse assets, such as climate stations, satellites, radar systems, and climate balloons. These facts provide data on temperature, humidity, air strain, wind speed and direction, precipitation, and different atmospheric parameters.
- Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP): Numerical weather prediction models utilize mathematical equations to simulate the conduct of the environment and are expecting future climate conditions. These fashions examine considerable quantities of meteorological information and use complex algorithms to generate forecasts for precise time periods and geographic areas, which include Kolkata.
- Satellite Imagery: Satellite imagery gives valuable information on cloud cover, atmospheric flow patterns, and climate structures affecting Kolkata. Advanced satellite era permits meteorologists to display weather conditions in actual-time and tune the motion of storms, cyclones, and other climate phenomena.
- Radar Systems: Doppler radar structures are used to detect precipitation, measure rainfall intensity, and tune excessive weather events which includes thunderstorms and cyclones. Radar information assist meteorologists issue timely warnings and advisories to the general public and applicable government in Kolkata.
Conclusion
Weather forecasting and prediction in Kolkata are crucial for making sure public safety, supporting various sectors such as agriculture and transportation, and enhancing resilience to weather-related dangers. Through the usage of advanced technologies, consisting of numerical weather prediction models, satellite imagery, radar structures, and ground-based totally observations, meteorologists can generate accurate and well timed forecasts for the metropolis and its surrounding regions. Government organizations, meteorological corporations, and different stakeholders play key roles in disseminating weather records, raising public consciousness, and selling preparedness for weather-related activities. As climate forecasting strategies keep to adapt and improve, efforts need to be sustained to enhance forecasting accuracy, increase observational networks, and enhance communique channels to effectively mitigate the influences of weather variability and weather exchange at the residents and infrastructure of Kolkata.
FAQs
What is the typical weather in Kolkata?
Kolkata has a tropical climate with hot and humid summers, a monsoon season with heavy rainfall, a post-monsoon period with pleasant weather, and mild winters.
When is the best time to visit Kolkata?
The post-monsoon months of October and November offer pleasant weather, making them the best time to visit Kolkata.
Does Kolkata experience extreme temperatures?
Yes, Kolkata can experience extreme temperatures, with summers often reaching above 40°C (104°F) and winters cooling down to around 15-25°C (59-77°F).
How much rainfall does Kolkata receive during the monsoon season?
Kolkata receives the majority of its rainfall during the monsoon season, typically ranging from 1,200 to 1,500 millimeters (47 to 59 inches) annually.
